Agromyzidae, known as leafminers, have been infecting cucurbits in southern africa. The family of agromyzidae is subdivided in two sub families agromyzinae and phytomyzinae. Leibee 1981 compiled a list of insecticides used against liriomyza spp. Insecticide use and the ecology of invasive liriomyza leafminer management. Resistance to beet armyworm, hemipterans, and liriomyza spp.
The genus liriomyza includes highly polyphagous species that are characterized for living and feeding inside plant leaves. Parasitoid community structure of leafminer liriomyza spp. The family agromyzidae is commonly referred to as the leafminer flies, for the feeding habits of their larvae, most of which are leaf miners on various plants. The adult flies of the 300plus species of liriomyza. Agromyzidae on shallot crops by trap cropping system and arbuscular mycorrhizae. However, before cold storage, cuttings of infested plants. The larvae of this fly mine the leaves of a range of vegetables and weeds, but seem to favour plants in the families cucurbitaceae, fabaceae and solanaceae. American serpentine leafminer liriomyza trifolii burgess.
All structured data from the file and property namespaces is available under the creative commons cc0 license. Adult females puncture both the upper and lower leaf surfaces up to 100 punctures daily to feed and lay eggs, leaving wounds which can serve as portals for. Field studies were conducted in two localities on oahu, hawaii, to evaluate the accuracy of random compared with stratified sampling of watermelon foliage with respect to leaf size and distance from the plant base for liriomyza sativae blanchard and liriomyza trifolii burgess larvae and associated hymenopterous parasites. A cosmopolitan pest of south american origin that has spread throughout the world due to trade in cut flowers.
Characterization of three heat shock protein 70 genes from liriomyza trifolii and expression during thermal stress and insect development volume 109 issue 2 y. Liriomyza sativae, commonly known as the vegetable leaf miner, is a species of insect, a fly in the family agromyzidae. Agromyzidae as an alternative host for parasitoids of the pest leafminer liriomyza huidobrensis blanchard was investigated. Liriomyza trifolii margarodes vitis megaselia scalaris monochamus alternatus monochamus carolinensis monochamus clamator monochamus marmorator monochamus mutator monochamus notatus monochamus obtusus monochamus scutellatus monochamus titillator nemorimyza maculosa pantomorus leucoloma pectinophora gossypiella premnotrypes spp. Moreover, there is evidence of had in a group of populations of liriomyza trifolii. Geographical distribution there are 41 species of liriomyza found in the uk, including l. Files of the type spp or files with the file extension.
A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext. The efsa panel on plant health performed a pest categorisation of liriomyza bryoniae diptera. Introduction efforts to reduce yield losses due to pests and plant diseases are increasingly triggering the use of chemical pesticides in agricultural land. Liriomyza huidobrensis lirihudocuments eppo global database.
Liriomyza trifolii is one of the truly polyphagous agromyzids and has been recorded. One of the great challenges in understanding the pest status of liriomyza spp. The two other important species are liriomyza trifolii burgess american leafminer and liriomyza huidobrensis blanchard pea leafminer. Lirisa is a polyphagous pest native to the americas which has spread to africa, asia and oceania. Parasitoid community structure of leaf miner liriomyza spp. Leafminer insects of the genus liriomyza are small flies whose larvae feed on the internal. For example, stegmaier 1966 reported 55 hosts from florida, including bean, beet, carrot, celery, cucumber, eggplant, lettuce, melon, onion, pea, pepper, potato, squash, and tomato.
They can be offwhite or orangeyellow, depending on species, but are seldom seen as they remain within the mine. The principal method for the control of liriomyza leafminers in the lower rio grande valley of texas is application of various insecticides with various modes of action in a variety of formulations. Liribo is a polyphagous palaearctic species which probably originates from southern europe, where it occurs commonly outdoors and has now spread to many parts of central and northern europe, where it is only found in greenhouses. International plant protection convention page 1 of 38 2006017. The institute of food and agricultural sciences ifas is an equal opportunity institution authorized to provide research, educational information and other. International plant protection convention genus liriomyza. The resolution of californian populations of liriomyza huidobrensis and liriomyza trifolii diptera. Influence of host crop on parasitoids hymenoptera of. Trumble department of entomology, university of california, riverside, ca. The larvae are typical, legless, fly maggots, but never more than 3 mm long. Comment type comment explanation country sc responses 1. Although originally limited to the new world western hemisphere, it is now also found in. Surveys of commerical plantings and experimental studies on onions were conducted in the kula area of maui to provide information on the liriomyza species and their parasites inhabiting the crop.
A small yellow fly as an adult, a leafmining maggot as a larva. Insecticide use and the ecology of invasive liriomyza. The different species of liriomyza can only be identified with certainty by means of laboratory examination. Manual of the agromyzidae diptera of the united states. Notes on taxonomy and nomenclature top of page liriomyza sativae was originally described in argentina from material bred from the leaves of medicago sativa. California pea leafminer, liriomyza langei diptera. Insecta, holometabola, diptera, brachycera, agromyzidae common name. This page was last edited on 16 january 2016, at 08. Characterization of three heat shock protein 70 genes from. Files are available under licenses specified on their description page. Liriomyza liriomyza pusilla scientific classification kingdom. All are polyphagous pests of ornamental and vegetable crops. An liriomyza in nahilalakip ha familia nga agromyzidae. The larva usually emerges from the mine, drops from the leaf, and.
Parrella and bethke, 1984, and their exit hole characteristically takes the form of a. Bioekologi dan pengendalian pengorok daun liriomyza chinensis kato diptera. Liriomyza mik, 1894 diversity at least 410 species liriomyza is a genus of leaf miner flies in the family agromyzidae. Specific approval and amendment this standard was developed under the eu diagpro project smt 4. Pdf integrated pest management ipm has been recognized as the best solution to minimize the adverse effects of insecticides applied to. Impact of insecticides on parasitoids of the leafminer. Kehilangan hasil akibat serangan hama ini dapat mencapai 75 % pada beberapa tanaman seperti kentang dan buncis bahkan dapat menyebabkan kerusakan total pada kentang helda obari, 2001.
What you need to convert a spp file to a pdf file or how you can create a pdf version from your spp file. Adult liriomyza flies are readily caught on yellow sticky traps placed adjacent. Four species, liriomyza bryoniae, liriomyza huidobrensis, liriomyza sativae and liriomyza trifolii are listed in eu plant health directive 200029. The south american leafminer liriomyza huidobrensis was established in bulgaria after 1996 and is among the important pests of cucumber in greenhouses. Pdf integrated management of leaf miners liriomyza spp.
Because of the different phytosanitary measures applied when the various liriomyza spp. One of the most important factors in leading to liriomyza spp. It is a leaf miner of many cultivated and weedy species. There are at least 410 described species in liriomyza. Aug 22, 2019 liriomyza huidobrensis pdf posted on august 22, 2019 by admin liriomyza huidobrensis blanchard is native to south america but has expanded its range and invaded many regions of the world, primarily on flowers and to a. It is primarily a tropical and warm temperate species and has been found up to 3000 m spencer, 1973, but in some parts of europe it has shown an ability to become a major pest of a wide variety of ornamental or vegetable crops grown. All originated in the new world but all have been spread widely. Agromyzidae species occur throughout the world, and many species are.
No single parasitoid species was found to be the predominant biological control agent in most crops. Documents about liriomyza huidobrensis lirihu number title download. Sampling the leafminers liriomyza sativae blanchard and liriomyza trifolii burgess diptera. The potential of liriomyza commelinae frost diptera.
Pest categorisation of liriomyza sativae 2020 efsa. In the sub family agromyzinae the subcostal is fully. As regards cut flowers, the main hos intercepted were gypsophila spp. The vegetable leafminer, liriomyza sativae blanchard, is found commonly in the southern united states from florida to california and hawaii, and in most of central and south america. The other two important species are liriomyza sativae. Agromyzidae 2 mature larva cuts a semicircular slit in the mined leaf just prior to formation of the puparium. There are indications that the entity known as liriomyza huidobrensis is made up of two sibling species, one. Liriomyza is predominantly found in the north temperate zone but species are also found in the afrotropical, neotropical and oriental regions. Predominant parasitoids reared from the four major liriomyza spp. Agromyzidae attacking faba bean in alexandria, egypt. Diagnostic protocols for regulated pests dp 16 international plant protection convention dp 163 1. They are often recognized by the mines they cause on the leaves rather than by the pest themselves, which are particularly elusive. This general description, therefore, draws on information from other species. Pest categorisation of liriomyza bryoniae 2020 efsa.
Dengan ini saya menyatakan bahwa skripsi berjudul pengaruh cara budidaya bawang daun terhadap serangan pengorok daun liriomyza spp. A manual of the insects of the hawaiian islands, including enumeration of the species and notes on their origin, distribution, hosts, parasites, etc. Almost invariably, the slit is cut in the upper surface of the leaf. Genetic and biological studies done in other populations of liriomyza spp. Liriomyza sativae lirisadocuments eppo global database. Believed to be of neotropic origin, the geographical distribution of liriomyza species was restricted to the new world until. Liriomyza species leaf mining flies uk plant health. In south texas, liriomyza attacks many agricultural crops including celery, tomato, melon, cucumber, watermelon, cotton, and, in particular, pepper. Cryptic diversity hidden within the leafminer genus liriomyza. The biology and ecology of polyphagous liriomyza spp. American serpentine leafminer, liriomyza trifolii ufifas edis. Taxonomic study of agromyzid leafminer liriomyza spp.
Liriomyza trifolii is a pest of greenhouses and warm climates, though it may seasonally escape in cooler climates. Liriomyza trifolii is perhaps best known as a pest of chrysanthemums and celery, but it has a wide host range. Lalat penggerek daun liriomyza huidobrensis hanky punya. Liriomyza is a genus of leaf miner flies in the family agromyzidae. Integrated management of leaf miners liriomyza spp. Pest information agromyzidae is a family of small flies whose larvae feed on the internal tissue of plants, often as. Vegetable leafminer, liriomyza sativae blanchard insecta. Liriomyza trifolii wikibooks, open books for an open world. Agromyzidae and their associated hymenopterous parasites in watermelon. Liriomyza sativae is considered to be one of the three mostdamaging polyphagous leaf miners of horticultural crops murphy and lasalle 1999. The efsa panel on plant health performed a pest categorisation of liriomyza sativae diptera.
Pm100228 eppo a1 and a2 lists of pests recommended for regulation as quarantine pests 2019. Since then it has been found in north, central and south america, the caribbean islands, africa, some pacific islands and some asian countries. Hama ini telah dilaporkan menimbulkan kerusakan pada berbagai jenis tanaman sayuran di indonesia shepard et ai. Ecological and genetic data suggest the presence of cryptic species within this genus. Furthermore, these species pupate within the mine, and the extendedcylindrical pupa can be found in situ at the end of the mine, usually visible on the underside of the leaf. Department of entomology, university of hawaii at manoa. Changes in the dynamics of the leafminer, liriomyza huidobrensis, in israeli potato fields. Bemisia tabaci noneuropean populations was the most intercepted ho with planting material. However, they may enhance the occurrence of plant pathogens. Liriomyza sativae branchard, liriomyza trifolii burgess, liriomyza huidobrensis branchard, liriomyza bryoniae kaltenbach, liriomyza strigata meigen and liriomyza longei frick 4, 5.
The quality of the pictures and drawings should be improved. Spatialtemporal model for survivability of pea leafminer liriomyza huidobrensis in warm climates. Agromyzidae damaging on leaves of yardlong bean, and cucumber in songkhla province was. Effects of intercropping beans and onions on populations of liriomyza spp. The resolution of californian populations of liriomyza. Trumble department of entomology, university of california, riverside, ca 92521, ausdaars, center for biological.
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